Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Over time, it can lead to stiffness, reduced flexibility, and even fusion of the vertebrae, causing a forward-stooped posture.

Ankylosing Spondylitis belongs to a group of conditions known as spondyloarthropathies. It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks healthy joints, especially in the spine. The disease usually begins in early adulthood and is more common in men.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of AS is unknown, but genetic and immune factors play a major role.
Key risk factors include:

Presence of the HLA-B27 gene

Family history of the condition

Male gender (higher prevalence)

Onset typically between ages 15 and 35

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Symptoms often develop gradually and may worsen over time. Common signs include:

Persistent lower back pain and stiffness

Pain that improves with activity but worsens with rest

Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes

Pain in hips, buttocks, and shoulders

Fatigue and reduced mobility

In severe cases, fusion of spinal vertebrae causing posture changes

Some patients may also experience inflammation in the eyes (uveitis) and other organs.

Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis

If untreated, AS can lead to:

Spinal deformity and loss of flexibility

Reduced lung capacity due to restricted chest expansion

Eye inflammation leading to vision problems

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Osteoporosis and spinal fractures

Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests:

Blood tests for HLA-B27 and inflammation markers

X-rays and MRI scans of the spine and sacroiliac joints

Assessment of mobility and posture

Treatment Options

While there is no cure, treatment helps control symptoms and slow disease progression. Options include:

Medications: NSAIDs to reduce pain and inflammation, biologic therapies (TNF or IL-17 inhibitors) for severe cases

Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises to maintain posture and flexibility

Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, good posture, and avoiding smoking

Surgery: Rarely required, but may be considered in severe deformities or joint damage

Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Managing AS requires long-term care. Patients benefit from:

Regular exercise such as swimming and yoga

Proper ergonomic support at work and home

Balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D

Regular check-ups with a rheumatologist

Dr. Prankul Singhal

Dr. Prankul Singhal

+91-8448479865

drprankulsneuro@gmail.com